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HP Wrote: ------------------------------------------------------- > This page, quoted from wikipedia:Apperception, is > a response to this discussion thread initiated by > gustav, hoping putting more aspects and letting us > have more understanding about the frequently-used > term in Kant's theory of threefold synthesis of > "apperception." > > P.S. Please note that the "definition" of > apperception in Kant by Runes below may not be > suitable or even correct, by the reminding of > gustav in his argument below, which I agree. The > distinction between transcendental and empirical > apperception might not be meaningful, and I > personally think the explanation of empirical > apperception may be closer to the real meaning of > apperception, thought might not being a correct or > good approach. > > Meaning in Philosophy (Kant) > > In philosophy, Immanuel Kant distinguished > transcendental apperception from empirical > apperception. > > The first is "the pure, original, unchangeable > consciousness that is the necessary condition of > experience and the ultimate foundation of the > unity of experience." > > The second is "the consciousness of the concrete > actual self with its changing states," the > so-called "inner sense." (Otto F. Kraushaar in > Runes[1]). > > Meaning in Psychology > > In psychology, apperception is "the process by > which new experience is assimilated to and > transformed by the residuum of past experience of > an individual to form a new whole."[1] In short, > it is to perceive new experience in relation to > past experience. > > Example 1: We see a fire (visual perception). By > apperception we correlate the appearance of fire > with past experiences of being burned. Having > combined present and past experience we realize > this is a situation in which we should avoid > placing our hand in the fire and being burned.[2] > > Example 2: A rich child and a poor child walking > together come across the same ten dollar bill on > the sidewalk. The rich child says it is not very > much money and the poor child says it is a lot of > money. The difference lies in how they apperceive > the same event -- the lens of past experience > through which they see and value (or devalue) the > money.[3] > > Meaning in Epistemology > > In epistemology, apperception is "the > introspective or reflective apprehension by the > mind of its own inner states."[1] > > > [1] Runes, Dagobert D. (ed.), Dictionary of > Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, > Totowa, NJ, 1972. > [2] From a discussion of apperception by William > James, "Talks to Teachers," Chapter 14 > [3] The Evolution of Perception and the Cosmology > of Substance by Christopher Ott, 2004.