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糧價飛漲 威脅全球安全 [台灣環境資訊中心 2011-02-22]
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糧價飛漲 威脅全球安全 [台灣環境資訊中心 2011-02-22]
分類標籤: 糧食安全
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February 23, 2011 04:05PM 發表文章數: 61 |
標題：糧價飛漲 威脅全球安全
出處：台灣環境資訊中心 2011-02-22
連結：http://e-info.org.tw/node/63768
[hr]
糧價飛漲 威脅全球安全
農林漁牧業 | 糧食 | 國際新聞
摘譯自2011年2月18日ENS巴黎，法國報導；黃健強編譯；蔡麗伶審校
法國農業部部長布魯諾‧樂梅爾(左)與聯合國主席潘基文。圖片來自：聯合國。就在G-20各國財務總長於巴黎召開會議的同時，世界各地面對糧食價格急速上揚可能造成糧食危機的警告正在持續發酵。歐洲議會成員呼籲G-20須採取行動。許多領導人都認為極端的天氣模式和氣候變化是造成農作物歉收的主要元兇。
15日，法國農業部部長，布魯諾‧樂梅爾在一次非公開會議中向聯合國大會表示：「面臨逐漸顯著的氣候變遷和越趨嚴峻的氣候破壞造成農作物產量不穩定，並使得全球的農作物產量供不應求。」
該機構於今年2月初指出，自聯合國糧食和農業組織於1990年開始記錄糧食價格以來，2011年的糧食價格為有史以來最高的價格。隨著糧食價格不斷攀升，糧食將變成全球安全的議題。
樂梅爾表示：「現今的經濟和農業情況都非常艱難，但相較於世界經濟問題，農業面對的問題要來的更加不可預測。」
今日於巴黎召開的年度會議中，世界銀行總裁羅伯特‧佐理克向G-20國集團中各國的財務總長和中央銀行主管警告表示：「全球糧食價格現在正處於危險的狀態中。」
佐理克說到：「雖然糧價高漲不是造成現在在中東我們所看到政治動盪的主因，但糧價上揚已經是造成動盪一項非常嚴重的因素，而且問題將會更為惡化」，提及2008年的糧食危機，他表示：「糧食安全供應問題現在已經是全球安全的議題了。」
世界銀行估計，最近糧價大幅提高使得約4400萬人口處於極端貧窮的狀態，每日花費低於1.25美元來過活。
奈及利亞世界銀行管理主管恩戈齊 ·奧孔約·伊韋阿拉表示：「我覺得我們現在正進入一個危險區域。」「國家糧食安全問題現正演變成全球糧食安全議題，這是全球性改變。將近有10億人口忍受飢餓入眠。」
前美國貿易代表，佐理克說到：「氣候衝擊各個小麥生產大國，加上出口禁令的限制下，使得小麥供應遭受控制，也造成去年六月到今年一月的價格上漲超過兩倍以上。」
聯合國表示：「小麥的成本持續上揚，主要起因於2010年俄羅斯的乾旱和火災，澳洲的水患。」許多機構組織預測，雖然小麥價格現仍低於2008年食物危機時的最高價，但如果依照目前的情勢繼續下去的話，小麥價格將會達到同樣高價。油價也已經突破100美元/桶的價格，這時候使用玉米來製造生物燃料將變得更為重要。
法國目前為G20的領導國，在法國主導G20高峰會的會議排呈上，法國總統尼古拉斯 薩克其已決定將該農業議題(糧食危機)納入會議整體討論中，且特別針對交易市場價格波動的議題作討論。
樂梅爾向聯合國大會表示：「我非常重視這個議題，我認為全球食物安全議題非只是G20的議題而已，它牽涉到有關於我們任何人。我們有道義責任去解決我們這些年來一直無法解決的問題，在道義責任上我們不可以任由數十個發展中的國家獨自去面對食物危機這個問題。」
在法國史特拉斯堡，歐洲議會決議號召歐洲委員會增加農業和糧食安全的投資，並且進行必要措施來打擊交易市場上的過度的投機買賣。
歐洲議會成員也呼籲G-20要採取行動。
2008年索馬尼亞爆發糧食危機。社會與民主進步聯盟黨團副主席，歐洲議會成員中奧地利的漢尼斯 斯沃夫達指出：「對於糧價上漲的憤怒已造成許多國家產生動亂。主要原因是由於貿易商和仲介商炒作造成的高價，使得市場上毫無任何商業利益可言。」
社會與民主進步聯盟的經濟財政事務發言人屋布爾曼表示：「G-20應針對處理糧食和農業危機著手制定法規。這任務應包含非G-20會員的其他國家。」
布爾曼表示：「投機者應不能介入糧食和農產品的交易市場，我們也需要即刻地建立防衛機制來對抗國際間價格的過度波動。」
世界糧食計畫署提供750萬遭受水患影響的巴基斯坦災民糧食，圖為旁遮普省的災民父子。圖片來自：世界糧食計畫。聯合國機關供應全球將近一億名貧窮人口糧食。而歷史新高的糧食價格加上持續上漲的成本、天氣變遷和政治動盪，使得聯合國機關的負擔更為沉重。
來自美國的聯合國世界糧食署執行長，喬塞特謝蘭表示：「我們正處於紅色警戒，我們持續地評估需求和救援計畫，並隨時待命救援。雖然糧價上漲目前是全世界的普遍現況，但對於貧窮和較弱小的人口而言卻是非常重大的影響。」
如果因不利的天氣像是水災、乾旱和火災，甚至在該年接下來的時間持續不斷發生，使得糧食價格持續攀升，世界糧食計畫署將會嚴重的資金短缺，謝蘭說到。
在2010年市場價格相對較低時，世界糧食計畫署提前採買糧食而減輕了糧價上漲的衝擊，但每增加10%的價格，每年將會增加兩億的成本來採買相同總量的糧食。
小麥價格漲幅超過將近兩倍，玉米上漲73%，但重要的是對世界上許多窮人而言，米價的漲幅相對其它糧食來的緩慢。糖和食用油大幅度地上漲。
其它日常所需的食品如印度和中國產的蔬菜和部份非洲國家生產的豆子也都上漲。
謝蘭指出世界糧食計畫署正在進行一項行動計畫，就是提早採購糧食和建立食物安全措施，以避免在面臨如2008年糧食危機時被迫減少糧食配額或是降低糧食供應人數的痛苦決策。
Skyrocketing Food Prices Threaten Global Security
As G-20 finance ministers met in Paris today, warnings that food riots could erupt in the face of steeply rising prices are resounding around the world. Members of the European Parliament called on the G-20 to take action. Many leaders are identifying extreme weather patterns and climate change as primary factors in poor crop yields.
"Global agricultural production is coming up against the increasingly apparent effects of climate change, increasingly severe climate disruptions which require more efficient production and which lead to instability in agricultural production," France's Agriculture Minister Bruno LeMaire told the United Nations General Assembly in a closed-door session Thursday.
Food prices in 2011 are higher than at any time since the UN Food and Agriculture Organization started recording them in 1990, the agency announced at the beginning of February.
In the pressure cooker of soaring prices, food has become a global security issue.
"Today's economic and agricultural situation is perilous. It faces much greater volatility than all of the other economic sectors in the world without exception," said LeMaire.
"Global food prices are now at dangerous levels," warned World Bank President Robert Zoellick ahead of the annual meeting of the Group of Twenty, G-20, finance ministers and central bank governors that opened today in Paris.
"While not the primary cause for the political instability we see today in the Middle East, rising prices have nevertheless been an aggravating factor that could become more serious," Zoellick said, recalling the food riots of 2008. "Food security is now a global security issue."
The World Bank estimates that recent food price hikes have pushed about 44 million people into extreme poverty, living on less than US$1.25 a day.
"I feel we have now entered a danger zone," said World Bank Managing Director Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala of Nigeria. "National food security issues are becoming a global food security issue. This is a challenge for the world. Almost one billion people are going to bed hungry."
"An unfortunate combination of weather shocks in various large wheat producing countries, followed, in some cases, by export bans, has curbed supplies of wheat and has caused prices to more than double between the lows of June last year to January of this year," said Zoellick, a former U.S. Trade Representative.
The cost of wheat is continuing to rise, largely due to drought and fires in Russia in 2010, floods in Australia, said the UN. Wheat prices are still below the peak of the 2008 food price crisis, but if current trends continue, they will reach these levels, many agencies predict. Oil prices have also passed $100 a barrel, the point where using maize for biofuel production becomes much more viable.
France now holds the rotating presidency of the G20 and President Nicholas Sarkozy has decided to include the issue of agriculture in general, and the issue relating to the volatility of commodity prices in particular, on the agenda of its G20 presidency.
LeMaire told the General Assembly, "I am very serious about this: the issue of global food security is not a G20 issue; it's an issue that involves everyone, that concerns all of us. We have a moral responsibility to find solutions that we haven't been able to find for years now. We have a moral responsibility not to leave dozens of developing countries throughout the world to face the food crises alone."
In Strasbourg, France, the European Parliament today adopted resolution calling on the European Commission "to increase investment in farming and food security" and to "take the necessary steps to fight against the excesses of speculation on commodity markets."
Members of the European Parliament also called on the G-20 to take action.
"Anger over soaring food prices has literally put a number of countries on fire. A crucial cause has been speculation by traders and brokers who have no commercial interest in these markets," said MEP Hannes Swoboda of Austria, a vice president of the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists & Democrats.
Said S&D spokesman on economic and monetary affairs Udo Bullmann of Germany, "The G-20 should work on regulation specifically designed to tackle the food and agricultural crisis. This work should involve countries that are not part of the G-20."
"Speculators should not have access to food and agricultural commodity markets," Bullmann said. "We also need to urgently set up a preventive mechanism against excessive fluctuations of price at international level."
Record high food prices are putting added pressure on the United Nations agency that helps feed nearly 100 million of the world's poorest people, with officials warning of a combination of soaring costs, weather emergencies and political instability.
"We are on red alert and we are continually assessing needs and reassessing plans and stand ready to assist," said UN World Food Programme Executive Director Josette Sheeran of the United States. "Rising food prices are a reality for the whole world, but they have the biggest impact on the poorest and most vulnerable populations."
If prices continue to rise, due in part to adverse weather such as floods, droughts and fires, or even stay at the same high levels for the rest of the year, WFP will face a serious budget gap, said Sheeran.
WFP's forward purchase of food while market prices were relatively low in 2010 has helped to minimize the impact, said Sheeran, but every 10 percent increase in the price of its food basket, costs an additional $200 million a year to buy the same amount of food.
Beyond the near doubling of wheat prices, maize is 73 percent higher, but crucially for many of the world's poor, rice prices have increased at a slower rate than other grains. Sugar and edible oils have gone up sharply.
Prices for other food items essential for dietary diversity, such as vegetables in India and China, and beans in some African countries, have also risen.
Sheeran said the WFP is developing an action plan for early purchasing and setting up reserves and safety nets in an attempt to avoid the kinds of painful decisions it faced during the food price crisis of 2008 - reducing rations and decreasing the number of beneficiaries.
全文及圖片詳見：ENS報導
Yahoo!自然環境新聞 | HiNet國際新聞 | 農作物 | 糧食價格 | 油價
點閱數: 308 | email this page
發表時間: 週二, 2011-02-22 10:26 提交人: 洪美惠
出處：台灣環境資訊中心 2011-02-22
連結：http://e-info.org.tw/node/63768
[hr]
糧價飛漲 威脅全球安全
農林漁牧業 | 糧食 | 國際新聞
摘譯自2011年2月18日ENS巴黎，法國報導；黃健強編譯；蔡麗伶審校
法國農業部部長布魯諾‧樂梅爾(左)與聯合國主席潘基文。圖片來自：聯合國。就在G-20各國財務總長於巴黎召開會議的同時，世界各地面對糧食價格急速上揚可能造成糧食危機的警告正在持續發酵。歐洲議會成員呼籲G-20須採取行動。許多領導人都認為極端的天氣模式和氣候變化是造成農作物歉收的主要元兇。
15日，法國農業部部長，布魯諾‧樂梅爾在一次非公開會議中向聯合國大會表示：「面臨逐漸顯著的氣候變遷和越趨嚴峻的氣候破壞造成農作物產量不穩定，並使得全球的農作物產量供不應求。」
該機構於今年2月初指出，自聯合國糧食和農業組織於1990年開始記錄糧食價格以來，2011年的糧食價格為有史以來最高的價格。隨著糧食價格不斷攀升，糧食將變成全球安全的議題。
樂梅爾表示：「現今的經濟和農業情況都非常艱難，但相較於世界經濟問題，農業面對的問題要來的更加不可預測。」
今日於巴黎召開的年度會議中，世界銀行總裁羅伯特‧佐理克向G-20國集團中各國的財務總長和中央銀行主管警告表示：「全球糧食價格現在正處於危險的狀態中。」
佐理克說到：「雖然糧價高漲不是造成現在在中東我們所看到政治動盪的主因，但糧價上揚已經是造成動盪一項非常嚴重的因素，而且問題將會更為惡化」，提及2008年的糧食危機，他表示：「糧食安全供應問題現在已經是全球安全的議題了。」
世界銀行估計，最近糧價大幅提高使得約4400萬人口處於極端貧窮的狀態，每日花費低於1.25美元來過活。
奈及利亞世界銀行管理主管恩戈齊 ·奧孔約·伊韋阿拉表示：「我覺得我們現在正進入一個危險區域。」「國家糧食安全問題現正演變成全球糧食安全議題，這是全球性改變。將近有10億人口忍受飢餓入眠。」
前美國貿易代表，佐理克說到：「氣候衝擊各個小麥生產大國，加上出口禁令的限制下，使得小麥供應遭受控制，也造成去年六月到今年一月的價格上漲超過兩倍以上。」
聯合國表示：「小麥的成本持續上揚，主要起因於2010年俄羅斯的乾旱和火災，澳洲的水患。」許多機構組織預測，雖然小麥價格現仍低於2008年食物危機時的最高價，但如果依照目前的情勢繼續下去的話，小麥價格將會達到同樣高價。油價也已經突破100美元/桶的價格，這時候使用玉米來製造生物燃料將變得更為重要。
法國目前為G20的領導國，在法國主導G20高峰會的會議排呈上，法國總統尼古拉斯 薩克其已決定將該農業議題(糧食危機)納入會議整體討論中，且特別針對交易市場價格波動的議題作討論。
樂梅爾向聯合國大會表示：「我非常重視這個議題，我認為全球食物安全議題非只是G20的議題而已，它牽涉到有關於我們任何人。我們有道義責任去解決我們這些年來一直無法解決的問題，在道義責任上我們不可以任由數十個發展中的國家獨自去面對食物危機這個問題。」
在法國史特拉斯堡，歐洲議會決議號召歐洲委員會增加農業和糧食安全的投資，並且進行必要措施來打擊交易市場上的過度的投機買賣。
歐洲議會成員也呼籲G-20要採取行動。
2008年索馬尼亞爆發糧食危機。社會與民主進步聯盟黨團副主席，歐洲議會成員中奧地利的漢尼斯 斯沃夫達指出：「對於糧價上漲的憤怒已造成許多國家產生動亂。主要原因是由於貿易商和仲介商炒作造成的高價，使得市場上毫無任何商業利益可言。」
社會與民主進步聯盟的經濟財政事務發言人屋布爾曼表示：「G-20應針對處理糧食和農業危機著手制定法規。這任務應包含非G-20會員的其他國家。」
布爾曼表示：「投機者應不能介入糧食和農產品的交易市場，我們也需要即刻地建立防衛機制來對抗國際間價格的過度波動。」
世界糧食計畫署提供750萬遭受水患影響的巴基斯坦災民糧食，圖為旁遮普省的災民父子。圖片來自：世界糧食計畫。聯合國機關供應全球將近一億名貧窮人口糧食。而歷史新高的糧食價格加上持續上漲的成本、天氣變遷和政治動盪，使得聯合國機關的負擔更為沉重。
來自美國的聯合國世界糧食署執行長，喬塞特謝蘭表示：「我們正處於紅色警戒，我們持續地評估需求和救援計畫，並隨時待命救援。雖然糧價上漲目前是全世界的普遍現況，但對於貧窮和較弱小的人口而言卻是非常重大的影響。」
如果因不利的天氣像是水災、乾旱和火災，甚至在該年接下來的時間持續不斷發生，使得糧食價格持續攀升，世界糧食計畫署將會嚴重的資金短缺，謝蘭說到。
在2010年市場價格相對較低時，世界糧食計畫署提前採買糧食而減輕了糧價上漲的衝擊，但每增加10%的價格，每年將會增加兩億的成本來採買相同總量的糧食。
小麥價格漲幅超過將近兩倍，玉米上漲73%，但重要的是對世界上許多窮人而言，米價的漲幅相對其它糧食來的緩慢。糖和食用油大幅度地上漲。
其它日常所需的食品如印度和中國產的蔬菜和部份非洲國家生產的豆子也都上漲。
謝蘭指出世界糧食計畫署正在進行一項行動計畫，就是提早採購糧食和建立食物安全措施，以避免在面臨如2008年糧食危機時被迫減少糧食配額或是降低糧食供應人數的痛苦決策。
Skyrocketing Food Prices Threaten Global Security
As G-20 finance ministers met in Paris today, warnings that food riots could erupt in the face of steeply rising prices are resounding around the world. Members of the European Parliament called on the G-20 to take action. Many leaders are identifying extreme weather patterns and climate change as primary factors in poor crop yields.
"Global agricultural production is coming up against the increasingly apparent effects of climate change, increasingly severe climate disruptions which require more efficient production and which lead to instability in agricultural production," France's Agriculture Minister Bruno LeMaire told the United Nations General Assembly in a closed-door session Thursday.
Food prices in 2011 are higher than at any time since the UN Food and Agriculture Organization started recording them in 1990, the agency announced at the beginning of February.
In the pressure cooker of soaring prices, food has become a global security issue.
"Today's economic and agricultural situation is perilous. It faces much greater volatility than all of the other economic sectors in the world without exception," said LeMaire.
"Global food prices are now at dangerous levels," warned World Bank President Robert Zoellick ahead of the annual meeting of the Group of Twenty, G-20, finance ministers and central bank governors that opened today in Paris.
"While not the primary cause for the political instability we see today in the Middle East, rising prices have nevertheless been an aggravating factor that could become more serious," Zoellick said, recalling the food riots of 2008. "Food security is now a global security issue."
The World Bank estimates that recent food price hikes have pushed about 44 million people into extreme poverty, living on less than US$1.25 a day.
"I feel we have now entered a danger zone," said World Bank Managing Director Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala of Nigeria. "National food security issues are becoming a global food security issue. This is a challenge for the world. Almost one billion people are going to bed hungry."
"An unfortunate combination of weather shocks in various large wheat producing countries, followed, in some cases, by export bans, has curbed supplies of wheat and has caused prices to more than double between the lows of June last year to January of this year," said Zoellick, a former U.S. Trade Representative.
The cost of wheat is continuing to rise, largely due to drought and fires in Russia in 2010, floods in Australia, said the UN. Wheat prices are still below the peak of the 2008 food price crisis, but if current trends continue, they will reach these levels, many agencies predict. Oil prices have also passed $100 a barrel, the point where using maize for biofuel production becomes much more viable.
France now holds the rotating presidency of the G20 and President Nicholas Sarkozy has decided to include the issue of agriculture in general, and the issue relating to the volatility of commodity prices in particular, on the agenda of its G20 presidency.
LeMaire told the General Assembly, "I am very serious about this: the issue of global food security is not a G20 issue; it's an issue that involves everyone, that concerns all of us. We have a moral responsibility to find solutions that we haven't been able to find for years now. We have a moral responsibility not to leave dozens of developing countries throughout the world to face the food crises alone."
In Strasbourg, France, the European Parliament today adopted resolution calling on the European Commission "to increase investment in farming and food security" and to "take the necessary steps to fight against the excesses of speculation on commodity markets."
Members of the European Parliament also called on the G-20 to take action.
"Anger over soaring food prices has literally put a number of countries on fire. A crucial cause has been speculation by traders and brokers who have no commercial interest in these markets," said MEP Hannes Swoboda of Austria, a vice president of the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists & Democrats.
Said S&D spokesman on economic and monetary affairs Udo Bullmann of Germany, "The G-20 should work on regulation specifically designed to tackle the food and agricultural crisis. This work should involve countries that are not part of the G-20."
"Speculators should not have access to food and agricultural commodity markets," Bullmann said. "We also need to urgently set up a preventive mechanism against excessive fluctuations of price at international level."
Record high food prices are putting added pressure on the United Nations agency that helps feed nearly 100 million of the world's poorest people, with officials warning of a combination of soaring costs, weather emergencies and political instability.
"We are on red alert and we are continually assessing needs and reassessing plans and stand ready to assist," said UN World Food Programme Executive Director Josette Sheeran of the United States. "Rising food prices are a reality for the whole world, but they have the biggest impact on the poorest and most vulnerable populations."
If prices continue to rise, due in part to adverse weather such as floods, droughts and fires, or even stay at the same high levels for the rest of the year, WFP will face a serious budget gap, said Sheeran.
WFP's forward purchase of food while market prices were relatively low in 2010 has helped to minimize the impact, said Sheeran, but every 10 percent increase in the price of its food basket, costs an additional $200 million a year to buy the same amount of food.
Beyond the near doubling of wheat prices, maize is 73 percent higher, but crucially for many of the world's poor, rice prices have increased at a slower rate than other grains. Sugar and edible oils have gone up sharply.
Prices for other food items essential for dietary diversity, such as vegetables in India and China, and beans in some African countries, have also risen.
Sheeran said the WFP is developing an action plan for early purchasing and setting up reserves and safety nets in an attempt to avoid the kinds of painful decisions it faced during the food price crisis of 2008 - reducing rations and decreasing the number of beneficiaries.
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發表時間: 週二, 2011-02-22 10:26 提交人: 洪美惠
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