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gustav Wrote: ------------------------------------------------------- > Foucault, Michel (1926-1984) French historian and > philosopher. Born in Poitiers, Foucault was > educated at the École Normale Supérieure in > Paris, taught in Germany, Sweden, and Algiers, and > held chairs at Clermont-Ferrand and Vincennes, > before being appointed professor of the history of > systems of thought at the Collège de France. His > work ranged widely across history, philosophy, > psychoanalysis, and linguistics, and was extremely > influential in raising new questions about the > historical character of the categories of social > experience. Foucault had a special interest in the > use of science and reason as instruments of > *power, in domains such as medicine and > criminology. His earliest work, Folie et déraison > (1961, trs. as Madness and Civilization, 1965) > charted western attitudes to the insane, and had > an enormous influence in diagnosing what might > seem to be progressive and humane improvements in > treatment as one aspect of increasing social and > political control. Indeed, his perception of all > social relations as fundementally relationships of > power, and usually infused with a generous amount > of sadism, has led to it being said that he > replaced the distinction between subject and > object with that between subject and abject. > Foucault's own life sometimes luridly reflected > this enthusiasm, contributing to his death as an > early victim of AIDS. Subsequent works includes > Les Mots et les choses (1966, trs. as The Order of > Things, 1970), L'Archéologie du savoir (1969, > trs. as The Archaeology of Knowledge, 1972), > Surveiller et punir (1975, trs. as Discipline and > Punish, 1977), and the three-volume Histoire de la > sexualité (1976-88, trs. as History of > Sexuality, 1979-88), whole final volumes were > completed just before his death. > > > Reference: > Blackburn, Simon. Oxford Dictionary of > Philosophy. Oxford &New York: Oxford University > Press, 1996. (pp. 144)