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Academia Sinica Newsletter (2014/11/07) Recently, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) obtained its highest-ever resolution image, revealing the surroundings of HL Tau, a young star of one million years old soon to become a Sun. The latest image of HL Tau from the telescope demonstrates both the very high sensitivity and very high angular resolution of ALMA. ALMA is the largest and most advanced astronomical telescope in the world, run by a collaboration of teams of astronomers from Europe, North America and East Asia. Researchers from Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, (ASIAA) representing Taiwan as “ALMA-Taiwan”, play an integral role in many ALMA projects.

“This image is exactly the reason why we built the ALMA. We are getting an exciting peek at how planets might be forming around this sun-like star,” said Academician, Paul Ho, the principal investigator of Taiwan’s part of the ALMA project.

“The image unveils in exquisite detail the distribution of dust grains in the disk around HL Tau, challenging our understanding of how these disks develop and how planets form,” he added.

Recently, ALMA started to observe the Universe using long baseline configurations, with antennas placed at unprecedented distances of up to 15 kilometers from each other. Starting at the end of August 2014, the ALMA antennas were gradually relocated further apart from each other. The longest baseline of 15 kilometers was reached on 13 October 2014. Other facilities operating at millimeter wavelengths provide antennas separated by no more than two kilometers.

Associate Research Fellow of ASIAA, Satoki Matsushita contributed to the hardware testing and system checking in this long baseline mode.

“This high-resolution image is a result of a lot of experience and knowledge accumulated from the building of the Submillimeter Array (SMA). It shows that the pioneering work in years by ASIAA in instrumentation has reached a new climax,” he said. The SMA is the world’s first sub-millimeter interferometer array, located in Hawaii, which has been jointly operated by ASIAA and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory since 2003.

The resolution achieved to obtain the new images of HL Tau could only be achieved with the long baseline capabilities of ALMA, explained ALMA Director, Pierre Cox. “[They] …provide astronomers with new information that is impossible to collect with any other facility, even the Hubble Space Telescope,” he said.

ALMA displays, as never seen before, the structure of the disk around HL Tau, which is in one of the nearest-by star-forming region at a distance of 450 light-years. The image shows a series of concentric and bright rings, with dark patches, as well as intriguing radial structures, feather-like features and arc-shaped gaps. The details are seen with a resolution corresponding to five times the distance between the Sun and the Earth.

“These features are almost certainly the result of young planet-like bodies that are being formed in the disk. No theory predicts that, in such a young star, dust grains have settled and grown to large bodies, capable of shaping the disk into the structure seen by ALMA.” said ALMA Deputy Director Stuartt Corder. “In our first image at such a resolution, we found something completely unexpected. Perhaps we should change our expectations.”

Young stars, like HL Tau, are born in clouds of gas and fine dust that have collapsed by gravitation. Over time, the remaining dust particles stick together, growing into sand, pebbles and larger-sized rocks, which settle down into a thin disk. In the mid-plane of this disk, these icy rocks will accumulate to form asteroids, comets and eventually planets. But once they get massive enough, the young planets will disrupt the disk, leaving rings, gaps and holes. The ALMA image provides the clearest evidence to date that not only does this process occur, but also that it is faster than previously thought.

For the past 30 years, most of what is known about planet formation has been based on theory. Images with this level of detail were relegated to artist conceptions or more specifically computer simulations. Due to advances made with ALMA, it can now been seen directly.


This high-resolution image of HL Tau illustrates what ALMA can achieve when using the long baseline configurations and shows that future observations with this facility will provide entirely new ways to explore the Universe.

ALMA is a single telescope of revolutionary design, composed initially of 66 high precision antennas located on the Chajnantor plateau, 5000 meters altitude in northern Chile. It is an international partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. Taiwan joined the ALMA project in 2005 in collaboration with the ALMA-Japan team. In 2008 Taiwan also joined the ALMA-North America team. “ALMA-Taiwan”, based at the ASIAA, participated in the construction of ALMA and has made many indispensable contributions.


Media contacts:
Dr. Lee, Chin-Fei, Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Astronomy Astrophysics, Academia Sinica cflee@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2366-5445 (M) 0928-582-146
Ms. Pearl Huang, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw
(Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M) 0912-831-188
Ms. Mei-Hui Lin, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw
(Tel) +886-2-2789-8821 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M) 0963-712-720


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2014/11/07
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Liberty Times & Apple Daily (2013/09/13) Current cancer research scholarship suspects a tight relation between carcinogenesis and DNA repair deficiency, for the chaotic orders in DNA sequence in cancer cells. A research team with members from National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica spent three years and succeeded in identifying the critical role of the helicase Pif1 in DNA repair. The findings are supposed to help with new drugs and treatments development. The report about the findings is also published in Nature.

DNA damage can be caused by instances such as free radicals attacking upon normal genomics, and cancer cells are created because of DNA repair deficiency in them. Two years ago, we already had a report proving that the apoptosis rate in cancer cells with Pif1 suppression is ten times than that without Pif1 suppression. But the understanding about the function of Pif1 in cancer cells' DNA repair was still missing. Indicated by Professor Peter Hung-Yuan CHI at NTU's Institute of Biochemical Sciences, the function of Pif1 is to fix the damage of DNA's double helix structure, which is the most serious form of DNA damage.

Addressed by Present NTU President, Pan-Chyr YANG, who is also a famous expert in treating lung cancers, the results of the investigation will be tested via clinical experiments, and it is expectable that targeted therapies controlling the activity of Pif1 against those frequently occurred cancers in Taiwan, like lung cancer, can be developed. MD. Ji-Hong Hong, Chef at Cancer Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, said, because Pif1 exists in all cells, if drugs that can inhibit the activity of P1f1 can be developed, it will be a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment.


Further Information:
Liberty Times 2013/09/13 (Chinese)
Apple Daily 2013/09/13 (Chinese)]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Fri, 13 Sep 2013 15:24:22 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,33209,33209#msg-33209 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,33209,33209#msg-33209 Chinese Version)

Academia Sinica Newsletter (2013/08/30) Through collaboration of Prof. Po-Huang LIANG, a Research Fellow in the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and laboratory members with the members from Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, and two local Hospitals, by using drug-resistant cancers cells or the cancer cells that cause poor prognosis in cancer patients as subjects, the team has identified a small-molecule inhibitor I-Lys, which can activate Caspase-7 to selectively kill those cancer cells. This paper was published on-line by Journal of Clinical Investigation on August 27, and selected by the journal for special report.

The research team explains that Caspase-3 is a major executioner protein of proteolytic degradation during apoptosis. However, Caspase-3 down-regulation (CASP3/DR) has occurred, which enables cancer cells to survive cancer therapy-induced apoptosis, and expression of structurally and functionally similar caspase-7 is induced in these cancer cells for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The team thus thought that activating Caspase-7 in the CASP3/DR cancers might selectively kill those cancer cells.

Due to the inhibition of Caspase-7 via complexation with its endogenous inhibitor XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), the team designed and synthesized I-Lys for selectively binding to Caspase-7 to disrupt the protein-protein interaction of Caspase-7 and XIAP, thereby releasing Caspase-7 for executing apoptosis.

Prof. Liang explains that because the complex of Caspase-7 and XIAP only exists in the cancer cells, not in normal cells, and moreover, I-Lys disrupts the interaction of XIAP with Caspase-7, but not Caspase-3, the use of I-Lys to induce cancer cell apoptosis is effective and safe without side-effect, as also revealed by the animal studies.

From clinical samples, CASP3/DR and Caspase-7 accumulation have been found in many malignancies such as breast, lung and colon cancers, and correlate significantly with poor survival in patients. This phenomenon is also related to cancer metastasis and poor prognosis. Therefore, this paper provides a basis of developing a useful cancer targeted therapy.


Media Contacts:
Dr. Po-Huang LIANG, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica
phliang@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2366-5539
Ms. Mei-hui LIN, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8821 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M) 0921-845-234
Ms. Pearl HUANG, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M) 0912-831-188


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2013/08/30]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Fri, 13 Sep 2013 14:19:29 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,32887,32887#msg-32887 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,32887,32887#msg-32887 Chinese Version)

Academia Sinica Newsletter (2013/08/27) Two research teams in Academia Sinica, Dr. Andrew H.-J. WANG at the Institute of Biological Chemistry and Dr. Wen CHANG at the Institute of Molecular Biology, have joined the effort to solve the crystal structure of a vaccinia envelope A27 protein and showed that the A27 protein trimer is the structural unit critical for vaccinia virus egress as well as controlling viral fusion suppressor complex formation. The findings shed light on the viral fusion regulation mechanism of vaccinia virus, a member of poxvirus family that also contains variola virus, the etiological disease of smallpox disease. Revelation of viral membrane protein structure will aid in design of improved vaccine in the future. The research was published in PLoS Pathogens on August 23, 2013.

Poxvirus family contains many pathogenic members such as mousepox, sheepox and monkeypox viruses that are present in our society whereas vaccinia virus, as the prototypic member of this family, is considered safe to be used for induction of protective immune responses in humans. Researches now are focused on understanding vaccinia virus structure proteins in order to improve the future vaccine design.

Vaccinia mature virus has more than 20 envelope proteins, including the A27 protein, which is conserved in pathogenic poxviruses such as variola and monkey poxivuses. A27 protein has multiple functions in the virus life cycle. During virus entry, A27 mediates the attachment of mature vaccinia virus to cell surface heparan sulfate. A27 also tethers a viral fusion suppressor protein, A26, to mature virions. During virion morphogenesis, A27 mediates mature virus transport in infected cells.

Dr. Andrew H.-J. WANG’s lab used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of A27 protein, which forms a novel hexamer consisting of four parallel strands and two anti-parallel strands. Hexamerization depends on the coiled-coiled domain from L47 to L82 within each A27 strand, and mutational analysis revealed that amino acid residues within the coiled-coiled domain are critical for A27 self-assembly in vitro. Based on the crystal structure, Dr. Wen CHANG’s lab generated a series of mutant vaccinia viruses that interrupt A27 protein-protein contact interface resulting in attenuation of virus egress and virus spreading in cells. Furthermore, CHANG's lab also demonstrated that A27 protein complex formation through the coiled-coiled domain is crucial to its biological activity in vivo, and revealed how A27 regulates virus-induced membrane fusion through its ability to form complexes with A26 protein. Since A27 is a critical target of neutralizing antibodies against pathogenic poxvirus infection in humans, our findings provide a structural basis for the development of anti-pox drugs and vaccines.


Related Website:
http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1003563


Media Contacts:
Dr. Andrew H.-J. WANG, Distinguished Research Fellow, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica
ahjwang@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2788-1981 (Fax) +886-2-2788-2043
Dr. Wen CHANG, Research Fellow, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica
mbwen@ccvax.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-9230 (Fax) +886-2-2782-6085
Ms. Mei-hui LIN, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8821 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M) 0921-845-234
Ms. Pearl HUANG, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M)0912-831-188


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2013/08/27]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Thu, 29 Aug 2013 00:06:11 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,32832,32832#msg-32832 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,32832,32832#msg-32832
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NAR Labs Newsbrief（2014/04/26）The first own-built ocean research vessel, "Ocean Research V", which is a 2700-ton multi-functional, ocean-going research vessel, made its maiden voyage on February 18, 2013, after two years of construction under the supervision of Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, NAR Labs, and six months of equipment trials on the sea. Its first voyage headed for South Ocean of Taiwan, which is the most resourceful sea area of Taiwan's, and focused on clean energy and carbon absorption. The 19-day voyage in raging sea rounded up sound and safe in Kaohsiung Port at eleven o'clock on March 8 with tremendous results.

Ocean Research V has the capacity to receive real-time image data from ocean monitoring satellite and hence it can help with understanding the marine ecological differences. With the data received from the satellite and the hydrological detector, Ocean Research V can identify and record the internal waves that occur rarely in the world but frequently in South Ocean area. The vessel has successfully examined the effect of the waves, especially the impact of their transmission on the upwelling mixed effect, which consequently results in the difference of the reef coverage rates between the west and east part of Dongsha Atoll, and the impact on marine ecology. The findings also enhance the understanding and evaluation of the construction of offshore platform and military acts such as anti-submarine warfare and undersea tout.

With the fine performance of Ocean Research V's wave-resistance, the research team also finds that extreme climate actually makes the ocean a super carbon-absorber and greatly enhances its resources incubation. With the data captured by its carbon-dioxide monitor and the collector of the suspending organic carbon particles, in regular weather the surface of South Ocean can absorb 260,000 tons of carbon dioxide, which amounts about 35% of the total carbon dioxide emission of Taiwan Island.

Surprisingly, the team finds that in storms with the wind speed at 15 m/s, the carbon absorption of the same sea area reaches nine times of the volume in regular weather, which amounts to 328 of the total carbon dioxide emission of Taiwan Island. The findings suggest that, beside of the fact that the South Ocean in winter has the ability of carbon absorption, the extreme weather condition can reduplicate the absorption.

On the other side, under the influence of internal waves and the north-east wind, the vertical mixture of the sea water in South Ocean would be accelerated and this results in the uplifting of the nutritious deep ocean water to the surface increasing the breeding of livings. This not only helps with the carbon absorption, but also make South Ocean the second major fishing ground in Taiwan.


Related Historical Messages:
[Marine Technology] Taiwan-built Ocean Research Vessel Officially Launched 2012/08/12
[Sci-tech Policy] NARL Proposes Five Annual Focuses in 2012 2012/02/06
[Marine Technology] “Ocean Researcher V” to Enhance the Level of Taiwan's Ocean Research 2011/06/12


Further Information:
NAR Labs Newsbrief 2013/04/26]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Wed, 01 May 2013 16:49:04 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,30334,30334#msg-30334 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,30334,30334#msg-30334 Chinese Version)

Academia Sinica Newsletter (2013/02/27) Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is the only living representative of a plant lineage that has existed for at least 270 million years. However, the evolutionary relationship of gingko to other living seed plants has long been controversial and highly debated. Six different placements have been proposed for gingko in relation to other divisions of non-flowering seed plants. Recently, a research team from the Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, using chloroplast phylogenomic studies and examining the reasons for discrepancies in previous classifications, has once again reported evidence that ginkgo and cycads are sister groups. Their research was published in the journal Genome Biology and Evolution on January 12, 2013.

Molecular phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms based on evidence from molecular sequencing data. Through data analyses, phylogenetic trees are established and organisms are grouped into several "clades". Organisms within a clade come from a common ancestor. There are several possible relationships between clades: nested (a clade within a larger clade), sisters (clades with an immediate common ancestor) or basal (if one clade branches off another before the establishment of the first member of a new clade).

Seed-bearing plants are classified into gymnosperms (or "naked" seed-bearing plants) and angiosperms (flowering plants with seeds inside fruits). Within the living gymnosperms, there are four divisions: cycads (Cycadophyta), ginkgo (Ginkgophyta), gnetophytes (Gnetophyta), and conifers (Pinophyta). Among these, the classification of gingko, which unprecedentedly has only one living member -- G. biloba -- has long been controversial.

The research team, led by Distinguished Research Fellow Shu-Miaw CHAW used analyses of chloroplast genomes to re-examine the position of gingko in the evolutionary tree of life. They constructed and analyzed the largest and most diverse gymnosperm chloroplast genome database to-date, including 25 gymnosperm chloroplast genomes, with 35,994 nucleotides or 11,998 amino acids, and carefully examined the reasons for discrepancies in previous classifications. They found that in the evolutionary trees inferred from the nucleotide sequences, the phylogenetic position of the ginkgo is significantly influenced by five factors: the breadth of the sampled species, evolutionary tree construction methods, codon sites (codon position), the position of gnetophytes, and whether or not gnetophytes are included in the data sets. Their analyses finally reaffirm that the ginkgo and cycads are sister groups.

In 1997 Dr. Shu-Miaw Chaw's group hypothesized that ginkgo and cycads were sister groups. This hypothesis, however, was based only on an analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and has been questioned. It is hoped that the findings from the current study will help to quell the debate.


Media Contacts:
Dr. Shu-Miaw CHAW, Distinguished Research Fellow, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica smchaw@sinica.edu.tw, (Tel) +886-2-2787-1021
Ms. Mei-Hui LIN, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica,
mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8821, (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551, (M) 0921-845-234
Ms. Pearl HUANG, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica, pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551(M) +886-912-831-188


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2013/02/27]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Sat, 30 Mar 2013 20:08:43 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,30332,30332#msg-30332 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,30332,30332#msg-30332 Chinese Version）

Academia Sinica Newsletter (2013/03/13) A research team led by Dr. Chia CHOU at the Research Center for Environmental Changes (RCEC) recently reported observational evidence that the difference in precipitation between wet and dry seasons has increased worldwide over the past three decades. The team analyzed global precipitation data spanning 1979–2010 for changes in seasonal precipitation. They found a trend towards wet seasons becoming wetter and dry seasons becoming drier — in accordance with some climate models — and also that the trend is largely defined by an increase in precipitation during wet seasons. The study was published online in Nature Geoscience on 3 March.

Global temperatures have risen over the past few decades. The water vapor content of the atmosphere has increased as a result, strengthening the global water cycle. This has led to wet regions getting wetter and dry regions getting drier. Climate model simulations suggest that similar intensification of existing patterns of rainfall may also apply to the seasonal cycle of rainfall.

In their study, the team from the RCEC analyzed regional and global trends in seasonal precipitation extremes between 1979-2010 using a number of observational data sets. They found that globally, the annual precipitation range has increased, mainly due to wetter wet seasons. Although the magnitude of the shift was not ascertainable, largely owing to limitations inherent in the data sets used, the signs of the tendency were robust. The results were consistent with climate model simulations for the same period including the results of the team’s own previous study of climate model simulations. On a regional scale, the tendency for wet seasons to get wetter occurs over climatologically rainier regions and the tendency dry seasons to get drier is seen in drier regions. This implies a more extreme seasonal cycle of rainfall, occurs not only in as a global average but also on a regional scale.

Unlike global warming, changes in rainfall vary across regions, with increases in precipitation in some locations and decreases in others. This strong spatial variation means that it is difficult to accurately project future precipitation changes on a regional basis. Understanding the patterns of change in rainfall and the underlying mechanisms is a way to improve the accuracy of projection. A more extreme seasonal precipitation cycle in the future could have implications for drought and flood frequency, even if the overall amount of precipitation remains steady. These changes may have a potentially severe impact on local hydrology, and further influence the ecosystem and human society. As precipitation changes are usually evaluated from annual mean changes, seasonal changes in precipitation may have been overlooked until now.

The full article entitled “Increase in the range between wet and dry season precipitation” is available at the Nature Geoscience website at: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo1744.html


Media Contact:
Dr. Chia CHOU, Research Fellow, Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica chiachou@rcec.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2787-900
Ms. Pearl HUANG, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw
(Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (M) 0912-831-188
Ms. Mei-Hui LIN, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration,
Academia Sinica mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw
(Tel) +886-2-2789-8821 (M) 0921-845-234


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2013/03/13]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Sat, 30 Mar 2013 19:54:42 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,29436,29436#msg-29436 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,29436,29436#msg-29436
Academia Sinica Newsletter (2013/01/30) In 2008, the global cancer cases reached 12.7 million, among which 7.6 million people died from cancer. By 2030, the estimated cancer cases may rise to 21.26 million, and the estimated cancer related death may climb to 12.66 million, indicating an overall increase of cancer burden. Currently, the most occurring cancer is lung cancer, followed by breast cancer, colorectal, stomach, prostate and liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer has the highest death rate. According to Health Department of Taiwan, the number one cause of death in Taiwan has been cancer since 1982. In June 21, 2012, a shocking statistics report published by Bureau of Health Promotion stated that 87,189 people were diagnosed to have cancer in 2009, 7,371 more cases than 2008. On average, there was a new cancer case every 6 minutes and 2 seconds in 2009. That’s 33 seconds faster than in 2008. The three most occurring types of cancer for men are liver cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer; the three most occurring types of cancer for women are breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. For every four men, there is one with cancer, and for women, there is one in every five. The high occurring rate generated a great deal of public concern. People are desperate for a miracle drug to cure cancer. The conventional cancer therapy includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and antibody therapy. Unfortunately, these treatment regiments are not very effective for late-staged cancer. On the other hand, there has been lack of early diagnosis and no success for the development of cancer vaccine that targets cancer cells, mainly due to lack of unique biomarkers that can be used as targets. Though effective, the cervical cancer vaccine currently on the market targets the virus associated with the cancer but not cancer itself.

Now, a cure for breast cancer may be in sight. The research teams in Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica have been studying carbohydrate antigens on the surface of cancer cells and cancer stem cells for many years and found some special carbohydrates. Taking account of the vaccine design from the phase III clinical trial on Globo H-KLH breast cancer immunotherapy in Taiwan, the researchers found that when the hexasaccharide Globo H attached to a diphtheria toxin mutant protein CRM197, DT, in combination with an appropriate adjuvant, such as C34, can efficiently jump-start the immune system and induce abundant IgG antibody to destroy cancer cells. Moreover, the induced antibody specifically recognizes three carbohydrate epitopes, including Globo H, SSEA3 and SSEA4 that only express on breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells but not on normal and healthy cells. Compared to the conventional breast cancer target therapy, Herceptin, which is effective for 20% of the breast cancer patients, the Globo H-DT vaccine immunotherapy is expected to be effective for more than 90% of the breast cancer patients and can be developed into a cure or preventive vaccine. These results were recently published in the world renowned Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and generated a lot of interests. Dr. Rajendrani Mukhopadhyay, an editorial writer for the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ( ASBMB ), reported this research as a major finding.

Other studies showed that Globo H is found not only on breast cancer, but also on lung, colon, pancreas, endometrium, ovarian, stomach, prostate, and other types of cancer. Therefore, after the vaccine passes the clinical trial and is approved to treat breast cancer, it can be soon apply to treat other eight types of cancer.

Researchers participated in this study included Prof. Chi-Huey Wong, Prof. Chung-Yi Wu, Prof. Alice L. Yu, master student Yen-Lin Huang, Dr. Jung-Tung Hung, Taiwan International Graduate Program Ph.D. student Sarah K. C. Cheung, Taiwan University Chemistry Ph.D. Student Hsin-Yu Lee, and others. This research is funded by Academia Sinica and National Science Council of Taiwan.

Article Title and Author list: “Carbohydrate-based vaccines with a glycolipid adjuvant for breast cancer,” Yen-Lin Huang, Jung-Tung Hung, Sarah K. C. Cheung, Hsin-Yu Lee, Kuo-Ching Chu, Shiou-Ting Li, Yu-Chen Lin, Chien-Tai Ren, Ting-Jen R. Cheng, Tsui-Ling Hsu, Alice L. Yu, Chung-Yi Wu, and Chi-Huey Wong, PNAS 2013; published ahead of print January 25, 2013, doi/10.1073/pnas.1222649110.

The article can be found at the following PNAS website:
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/01/24/1222649110.full.pdf+html

Media contacts:
Dr. Chung-Yi Wu, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica
cyiwu@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) 02-27871263
Ms. Pearl Huang, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (M) +886-912-831-188
Ms. Mei-Hui Lin, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8821 (M) 0921-845-234


Reference:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2013/01/30]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Wed, 30 Jan 2013 20:53:07 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28953,28953#msg-28953 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28953,28953#msg-28953 Chinese Version)

CNA - Focus Taiwan (2012/12/30) A Taiwan-born scientist who works on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) "Curiosity" robot rover project told an audience at the Taipei Astronomical Museum in Taipei Sunday what it was like to "drive" the rover on Mars.

Calling himself a "taxi driver," Jeng YEN said the "drivers" of the rover spend about 10 hours each day planning, analyzing and checking the movements of the space vehicle based on the latest images from Mars before sending their instructions to the planet.

The rover then follows the instructions of the "drivers" the following day and moves an average of 50-60 meters per day depending on the terrain it faces, YEN said.

He said an exciting moment of the mission was when the first photo of the rover's landing, taken by an artificial satellite orbiting Mars, was sent back.

Given that the rover was traveling at a high speed, YEN said it was "not easy" for the snapshot to be taken.

"It meant that our landing model was accurate, to know its trajectory," he said.

YEN helped design "Curiosity," which landed on Mars in August on a mission that is looking for evidence that there once might have been life on that planet. The 899-kilogram craft is part of the U.S. space agency's US$2.5 billion unmanned Mars project.

When asked about the rover's latest findings, YEN said scientists discovered a kind of white coating on rocks just below the surface along what could have been a dry lake.

Meanwhile, the Associated Press reported a day earlier that the rover will set off toward a Martian mountain, Mount Sharp, in mid-February and could reach its destination in six months if it drives nonstop.

YEN said that when the rover reaches and begins climbing the mountain, it may allow scientists to see different layers of sediment and gain a better understanding of the planet's geological history.

As the only Taiwanese on the "driver team," YEN said it was an honor for him to participate on the "Curiosity" mission and called it a "very meaningful" contribution to overall human knowledge.


Further Information:
CNA - Focus Taiwan 2012/12/30]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Mon, 31 Dec 2012 18:49:15 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28929,28929#msg-28929 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28929,28929#msg-28929 Chinese Version)

CNA - Focus Taiwan (2012/12/26) A university in Taichung unveiled Tuesday (December 25) a prototype of a submicron precision lathe that the school says is the most precise lathe designed and manufactured in Taiwan.

The submicron precision lathe made by National Chin-Yi University of Technology can make components with tolerances as small as 0.2 microns (a micron is 0.001 millimeters), said Kuo-ming TSAI, an associate professor who was involved in the machine's design.

TSAI said Taiwan's machine tool industry is among the best in the world, but Japan and Germany still have a technical edge in producing components used in the ultra-precision lathes that produce parts used in high-tech electronics gadgets, such as optical lenses, that have to be precise, thin and lightweight.

As a result, Taiwan's lens suppliers and optical companies have had to import such lathes from abroad, he said.

Chung-yu HSIEH, director of a research center at the university, explained that the critical components for ultra-precision lathes are spindles, controllers, positioning measurement systems, and guideways.

Taiwan has had the ability to produce spindles and positioning measurement devices, but the university made a breakthrough in the area of hydrostatic guideways, and advanced controllers are currently being tested, HSIEH said.

The research center director said that the school is testing controllers made locally on its precision lathe to see if they can meet the general high standard of the new machine.

HSIEH said the school hopes the testing phase for controllers can be completed in 2013 so that it can manufacture a submicron precision lathe to supply to local factories in which all of the critical parts are made in Taiwan.


Reference:
CNA - Focus Taiwan 2012/12/26]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Sat, 29 Dec 2012 14:21:20 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28927,28927#msg-28927 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28927,28927#msg-28927 Chinese Version)

CNA - Focus Taiwan (2012/12/26) Researchers at the Council of Agriculture's Miaoli District Agricultural Improvement Station said they have developed a technique for extracting protein from silk fibers for possible use in cosmetics and the field of biomedicine.

Teng-chen WU, a researcher at the station, said silk fibers are composed mainly of protein and its base amino acid.

The inner layer of a silk fiber is made of fibroin, a natural protein, while its outer layer is sericin, a gelatinous protein that allows both layers to stick together, WU said.

Sericin can preserve and maintain moisture, is anti-oxidant, and can prevent the penetration of ultraviolet rays, WU said.

Fibroin is also UV absorbing and anti-bacterial, he said.

Both proteins extracted from silk fibers can be used to make cosmetics, health products, synthetic fibers, and biomedical materials, according to researchers.


Reference:
CNA - Focus Taiwan 2012/12/26]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Sat, 29 Dec 2012 14:10:28 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28925,28925#msg-28925 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28925,28925#msg-28925 Chinese Version)

NCKU News (2012/12/28) A delegation of 7 representatives of China’s Lanzhou University headed by President Xu-Hong ZHOU, visited National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), southern Taiwan, December 27, to strengthen the partnership between NCKU and Lanzhou University and to envision the prospect of future collaborations.

Dr. ZHOU told NCKU President Hwung-Hweng HWUNG that the cooperation between NCKU and Lanzhou University has to be grounded on frequent visit and staff exchange. He said, “NCKU Professors are welcomed to lecture at Lanzhou University where the staff and students are willing to exchange the experience and knowledge in the academic fields.

ZHOU’s delegation was interested in academic cooperation in management, education and Chinese literature and history.

President ZHOU praised NCKU for being a distinguished university in Taiwan and said he can see a big potential in collaborative projects between Lanzhou University and NCKU.

“Lanzhou University, founded in 1909, is one of the top universities directly administered by the Ministry of Education and elected as one of the key universities in “Project 211” and “Project 985” in China.“ according to President ZHOU, adding that Lanzhou University is outstanding in the basic theoretical research and has made great achievements in the applied researches.

NCKU had signed Momentum of Understanding (MOU) with the College of Literature, Lanzhou University, in 2011, to initiate a 5-year collaboration project, promoting the academic collaboration on Chinese Literature, according to Yuh-Neu CHEN, Vice Dean of College of Liberal Arts.


Further Information:
NCKU News 2012/12/28]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Sat, 29 Dec 2012 12:35:14 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28916,28916#msg-28916 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28916,28916#msg-28916 Chinese Version）

Academia Sinica Newsletter (2012/12/28) The research team of cognitive neuroscientists jointly led by Academician Dr. Ovid J. L. TZENG in Academia Sinica and Dr. Stanislas DEHAENE (correspondence author) in INSERM, France has found cross-cultural universality of brain networks for recognizing word shapes and handwriting gestures during reading. The findings shed light on the neurobiological circuitry for reading, confirming the “one brain for all written language” view proposed by Academician TZENG and suggest a neuronal recycling mechanism in the human brain. The research was published in the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) on December 11, 2012.

The mature cerebral reading networks were identified to comprise both a visual shape analysis system (i.e., occipototemporal visual word form area) and a motor gesture decoding system (i.e., Exner’s area). However, reading of logographic writing system such as Chinese has been proposed to reply on brain areas outside the classical left-hemisphere cerebral networks for alphabetic reading. Such cultural variations may reflect a neuronal recycling mechanism that novel cultural acquisitions (e.g., writing and arithmetic) encroach on preexisting and innate neural circuits. In this cross-cultural neuroimaging study, researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the brain activation of both Chinese and French readers while they performed a semantic task with words written in cursive font. The researchers found that the large-scale neural network for reading is in fact invariant across cultures and modulated by culture-specific processing demands of writing system. The study suggests that cultural variation in the cerebral reading network lies primarily in the different weighting of the universal visual and gestural neural pathways, thus resulting in modulations of the spatial extent and amplitude of brain activity within culturally universal brain circuits.


Related Website:
http://www.pnas.org/content/109/50/20762.full.pdf+html?sid=e9b06698-8e83-4117-8f64-33a24db31445


Media Contacts:
Dr. Ovid J.-L. TZENG, Distinguished Research Fellow, Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica ovid@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-26525033
Ms. Rose Ru-Hui LEE, MEG Laboratory, Academia Sinica
rose@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) + 886-2-26525036


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2012/12/28]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Fri, 28 Dec 2012 22:00:42 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28913,28913#msg-28913 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28913,28913#msg-28913 Chinese Version)

Academia Sinica Newsletter (2012/12/27) Five scholars were recently announced the first recipients of the Academia Sinica Scholarly Monograph Award in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The five winning monographs cover research in art, literature, history and anthropology.

Academia Sinica has established the Scholarly Monograph Award in the Humanities and Social Sciences to encourage scholars to publish monographs, conduct in-depth research on academic topics, and make important contributions to scholarship. The award, which will be presented annually, is open to humanities and social sciences scholars who hold full-time positions at domestic academic research institutions, universities and colleges. To be eligible, the scholarly monographs must be first editions that have been published within the last three years.

The award is being presented for the first time this year. A total of 78 applications were received from a wide range of fields such as literature, history, anthropology, law, sociology and economics from scholars hoping to receive the first award in 2012. All submissions underwent a fair review procedure of the highest standard, which involved many renowned international and domestic scholars. The awardees will each receive a certificate and a cash prize of NT$600,000.

The five recipients of the 2012 Scholarly Monograph Award in the Humanities and Social Sciences and their winning books are (in alphabetical order):

Dr. FENG, Pin-chia
Distinguished Professor, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Chiao Tung University
2010, Diasporic Representations: Reading Chinese American Women’s Fiction, 200 pages, LIT Verlag, Munster, Germany.

Dr. HU, Siao-chen
Research Fellow, Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica
2010, The Unfolding of a Conflicted New World, 313 pages, Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

Dr. LIU, Shao-hua
Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica
2010, Passage to Manhood: Youth Migration, Heroin, and AIDS in Southwest China, 248 pages, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, USA.

Dr. SHIH, Shou-chien
Distinguished Research Fellow, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.
2012, Moving of Paradise, 363 pages, Asian Culture Company, Taipei, Taiwan.

Dr. ZARROW, Peter
Research Fellow, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica
2012, After Empire: The Conceptual Transformation of the Chinese State, 1885-1924, 395 pages, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, USA


Media Contacts:
Mr. Che-wei CHEN, Academic Affairs Office, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica (Tel) +886-2-2789-9377 cwchentw@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Ms. Pearl HUANG, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw
(Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M)0912-831-188
Ms. Mei-Hui LIN, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw
(Tel) +886-2-2789-8821, (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551, (M) 0921-845-234


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2012/12/27]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Fri, 28 Dec 2012 21:45:35 +0800 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28865,28865#msg-28865 http://mepopedia.com/forum/read.php?160,28865,28865#msg-28865 Chinese Version)

Academia Sinica Newsletter (2012/12/25) Academia Sinica will hold a certificate conferral ceremony for this year's graduates of the Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) on December 27, 2012. This year there are a total of 26 graduates, who will receive the TIGP Certificate from Academia Sinica Vice President and TIGP Director Dr. Shie-Ming PENG at the ceremony. The ceremony will be conducted in English. Members of the media are welcome to attend.

Among the graduates 15 students are from Taiwan, 5 from India, 2 from Malaysia, 2 from Canada, 1 from New Zealand and 1 from Philippines. Including this year's graduates, to date, a total 92 students have completed the TIGP program's rigorous requirements and received TIGP certificates. Each year, many students in the programs publish papers in top international scholarly journals and many alumni go on to take up positions in world-renowned institutions.

Launched in 2002, the TIGP program integrates the first-class facilities and top-notch faculty available at Academia Sinica into a learning environment where English is the first language. The program currently has 378 students enrolled in ten Ph.D. programs. Many of the students enrolled in TIGP come from overseas (currently hailing from 37 countries). TIGP is run by Academia Sinica in collaboration with Taiwan's top research universities. The certificate conferred by the Academy is given in addition to the diploma conferred by the collaborating university.


Media contacts:
Ms. Julia CHAN, Taiwan International Graduate Program Office, International Affairs Office, Academia Sinica ej132313@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-9906
Ms. Mei-hui LIN, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica mhlin313@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8821 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M) 0921-845-234
Ms. Pearl HUANG, Office of the Director General, Central Office of Administration, Academia Sinica pearlhuang@gate.sinica.edu.tw (Tel) +886-2-2789-8820 (Fax) +886-2-2782-1551 (M) 0912-831-188


Further Information:
Academia Sinica Newsletter 2012/12/25]]> techman Sci-Tech Digest Tue, 25 Dec 2012 22:02:55 +0800